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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Tinospora sinensis (Chinese Tinospora)

Tinospora sinensis and Tinospora cordifolia are two of the indispensable medicinal plants used
in veterinary folk medicine and Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of diverse
diseases and are recommended for improving the immune system by means of body resistance
(Chandrasekaran et al., 2009). In comparative studies of the immunomodulatory activity of
Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora sinensis, the aqueous extract of Tinospora sinensis was
found to be more potent (Manjrekar et al., 2000). The chemical constituents reported from
Caulis Tinosporae belong to different classes, such as alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides,
steroids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolics, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides (Upadhyay
et al., 2010). The polysaccharide (1,4)-alpha-D-glucan from Caulis Tinosporae activates the
immune system through the activation of macrophages that occurs through Toll-like receptor
6 (TLR6) signalling, NF-kappaB translocation and cytokine production (Nair et al., 2006).
Caulis Tinosporae is reported to contain an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, characterized as
saponarin (apigenin-6-C-glucosyl-7-O-glucoside) which has demonstrated hypoglycaemic
activity in animal models (Sengupta et al., 2009).

TOXICOLOGY Toxicity for Caulis Tinosporae has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic

doses. The LD value for Caulis Tinosporae has not been determined.
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DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Caulis Tinosporae preparations. Clinical interactions
INTERACTIONS with other drugs have not been reported.

8 | Immunine -VM TM