Page 187 - product-manual

TM/MC TM/MC

NON-MEDICINAL INGREDIENTS
Stevia, Citric acid, Potassium sorbate, Purified water, Sodium benzoate.

VimForte-VM™ is manufactured under strict GMP standards and contains no dairy, yeast, corn, or wheat
or gluten. Does not contain animal by-products.

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Cholecalciferol [Vitamin D ] (C H O)
3 27 44
Dogs and cats may have limited ability to use UVB light for cutaneous biogenesis of vitamin
D (Kleiman et al., 2010). For this reason, it is important that vitamin D be introduced directly
3
into the diet (Kleiman et al., 2010; Schenck, 2010). Vitamin D regulates calcium:phosphorous
3
balance in the body and it stimulates the kidney’s retention of calcium, which is vitally important
to bone formation, nerve and muscle control. Osteomalacia occurs when insufficient calcium
and/or phosphorus is available for mineralization of newly formed osteoid (Ettinger & Feldman,
2000b).

Several factors, such as the chemical form (vitamin D or Vitamin D ), species, dietary intake of calcium and
3
2
TOXICOLOGY vitamin D in the diet. Most animal species appear to be able to tolerate 10 times the level of vitamin D that they
phosphorus, route of administration, and duration of treatment, can influence the maximum tolerable levels of
require for long periods of time (NRC, 1987). Intraperitoneal LD of vitamin D is 135.4 mg/kg of body weight
3
50
in male mice (Hatch & Laflamme, 1989). Published human cases of vitamin D toxicity, for which serum levels
3
and dose are known, all involve intake of > or = 40,000 IU (1,000 mcg) per day (Vieth, 1999).

DRUG Due to a narrow therapeutic index, vitamin D analogs given in combination with each other or
INTERACTIONS with pharmacologic doses of vitamin D (calcitriol, doxercalciferol, paricalcitol) may demonstrate
additive effects resulting in toxicity manifested as hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and
hyperphosphatemia (Drugs.com). Atorvastatin appears to increase 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
(25[OH]D) concentrations, whereas concurrent vitamin D supplementation decreases
concentrations of atorvastatin. Use of thiazide diuretics in combination with calcium and
vitamin D supplements may cause hypercalcemia in humans or those with compromised
renal function or hyperparathyroidism. Insufficient evidence is available to determine whether
lipase inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, antiepileptic drugs, highly active antiretroviral agents, or H2
receptor antagonists alter serum 25(OH)D concentrations (Robien et al., 2013).

2 | VimForte -VM TM