Page 29 - product-manual

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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Eleuthero)

Radix Eleutherococci is an ergogenic and an adaptogen which heightens resistance to physical,
chemical, and psychological stress, enhances stamina, increases resistance to infection, and
accelerates recovery (Huang et al., 2011). In a human clinical study, extract of Radix Eleutherococci
was found to increase physical working capacity, which was attributed to oxygen metabolism that
was reflected in increased oxygen uptake (Asano et al., 1986).

Note:
Eleutherococcus senticosus is also an ingredient in Immunine-VM™. Eleutherosides B and D found in Radix
Eleutherococci have been shown to increase the cytostatic activity of natural killer cells.

TOXICOLOGY Toxicity for Radix Eleutherococci has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in
therapeutic doses. Oral LD of Radix Eleutherococci is 31 g/kg of body weight in mice (Mills & Bone, 2000).
50

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: 620 g PO of Radix Eleutherococci.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat:
155 g PO of Radix Eleutherococci.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Radix Eleutherococci preparations. Radix
INTERACTIONS Eleutherococci inhibits metabolism of barbiturates possibly by inhibition of cytochrome P450
2C19. Radix Eleutherococci increases efficacy of the antibiotics monomycin and kanamycin
due to enhanced T-lymphocyte activity (Brinker, 2001). Radix Eleutherococci elevates serum
digoxin levels (McRae, 1996).

Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus)

Radix Astragali has been asserted to be a tonic that can improve the functioning of the lungs,
adrenal glands and the gastrointestinal tract, increase metabolism, sweating, promote healing
and reduce fatigue (Balch, 2006). Decoction of Radix Astragali improved endurance in animals
and increased weight gain. A mixture of ginseng and Radix Astragali demonstrated anti-fatigue
activity and this activity was due to improved energy metabolism (Mills & Bone, 2000).

Note:
Astragalus membranaceus is also an ingredient in Immunine-VM™. The polysaccharides found in Radix
Astragali have been shown to play a role in immunomodulatory actions.

4 | Adapt-VM TM