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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Phyllanthus niruri (Chanca Piedra)

Herba Phyllanthi extract has been used extensively in the treatment of liver ailments in
traditional medicine and its actions are attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
effects (Manjrekar et al., 2008). The hepatoprotective activity of Herba Phyllanthi is due to
the high phenolic and flavonoid content (Jain & Singhai, 2011). Phyllanthin, the principle
constituent has been found to restore the level of total glutathione, and increase the activities
of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in hepatocyte injury in experimental studies
(Chirdchupunseree & Pramyothin, 2010). In animal models, Herba Phyllanthi normalized
carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant properties by elevating the levels
of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver (Bhattacharjee & Sil, 2007). In acetaminophen
and nimesulide induced oxidative stress in the liver, the antioxidant activity of Herba Phyllanthi
was comparable to that of vitamin E in vivo (Chatterjee & Sil, 2006; Bhattacharjee & Sil, 2006).
A review of sixteen randomised clinical trials in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
reported that treatment with Herba Phyllanthi in combination with an antiviral drug was more
effective than the antiviral drug alone (Xia et al., 2011).

Note:
Phyllanthus niruri is also an ingredient in Nephro-VM™. Herba Phyllanthi has shown an inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystal
growth and aggregation and may be beneficial in the prevention of urolithiasis.

Toxicity for Herba Phyllanthi has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic
TOXICOLOGY 2008). 50
doses. The extract of Herba Phyllanthi is non-toxic having oral LD > 5 g/kg of body weight in mice (Evi et al.,

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: >100 g PO of Herba Phyllanthi.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: >25 g PO of Herba Phyllanthi.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Herba Phyllanthi preparations. Clinical
INTERACTIONS interactions with other drugs have not been reported. However, Herba Phyllanthi may
potentiate insulin and anti-diabetic drugs due to its hypoglycemic effect (Brinker, 1998).

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