Page 84 - product-manual

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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

TOXICOLOGY Arctium lappa
Toxicity for Radix Bardanae has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic
doses. LD for Radix Bardanae has not been determined.
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DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Radix Bardanae preparations. Clinical interactions
INTERACTIONS with other drugs have not been reported. However, an excessive dose of Radix Bardanae may
interfere with hypoglycaemic therapy (Newall et al., 1996).

Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil)

Folium Ocimi Sancti is traditionally used for its hepatoprotective effect. Folium Ocimi Sancti
has been shown to reduce hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride accumulations and increases
fecal bile acid excretion. Folium Ocimi Sancti modulates the liver enzymatic antioxidants
superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced
glutathione), lipid peroxidation end product, and malondialdehyde levels (El-safty, 2011). The exact
mechanism of the hepatoprotective action of Folium Ocimi Sancti extract is not yet known. Its
antioxidant activity seems to be the most important mode of its hepatoprotective action (Ubaid
et al., 2003). In drug-induced liver damage, extracts of Folium Ocimi Sancti exhibits significant
hepatoprotective activity and synergism with Fructus Silybi Mariae (Lahon & Das, 2011).

Note:
Ocimum sanctum is also an ingredient in Immunine-VM™ and Pulmo-VM™. The immunomodulatory effects Folium Ocimi Sancti is
attributed to its anti-stress properties. Folium Ocimi Sancti has been also shown to increase lung vital capacity and protect against
bacterial colonization in the lungs.

Toxicity for Folium Ocimi Sancti has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in
therapeutic doses. The LD for fixed oil of Folium Ocimi Sancti was calculated at 42.5 mL/kg of body weight and
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TOXICOLOGY The LD of ethanol extract of Folium Ocimi Sancti in adult mice was found to be 4.5 g/kg of body weight oral
long-term use of oil at 3 mL/kg of body weight does not produce any adverse effects in rats (Singh et al., 2007).
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and 3.2 g/kg of body weight intraperitoneal (Rahman et al., 2011).

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: 90 g PO of Folium Ocimi Sancti ethanol extract.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: 22.5 g PO of Folium Ocimi Sancti ethanol extract.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Folium Ocimi Sancti preparations. Clinical
INTERACTIONS interactions with other drugs have not been reported.

Hepato -VM TM | 9