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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

TOXICOLOGY Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)
Toxicity for MSM has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic doses. In
rats, no adverse effects were observed with MSM after 2 g/kg of body weight daily dose. In a 90-day follow-up
study rats received daily MSM doses of 1.5 g/kg of body weight, and no changes were observed in terms of
symptoms, blood chemistry or gross pathology (Horváth et al., 2002).

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for MSM. Clinical interactions with other drugs
INTERACTIONS have not been reported.

Chondroitin sulphate (C H NO S)
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Chondroitin sulphate is a sulphated glycosaminoglycan, which is an important structural
component of cartilage and provides much of its resistance to compression (Baeurle et al., 2009).
Studies investigating chondroitin sulphate’s specific actions have found that it inhibits the
production of stromelysin, an enzyme that degrades cartilage tissue (Monfort et al., 2005).
Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recommends chondroitin sulphate as the
second most effective treatment for moderate cases of osteoarthritis (Zhang & Moskowitz, 2007).

Toxicity for chondroitin sulphate has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in
therapeutic doses. The LD for chondroitin sulphate, sodium salt in rats: oral >10,000 mg/kg of body weight;
50
intraperitoneal 2,900 mg/kg of body weight; subcutaneous 3,700 mg/kg of body weight; intravenous >3,125 mg/
TOXICOLOGY intraperitoneal 9,800 mg/kg of body weight; subcutaneous >10,000 mg/kg of body weight; intravenous 4,980 mg/
kg of body weight. The LD for chondroitin sulphate, sodium salt in mice: oral >10,000 mg/kg of body weight;
50

kg of body weight (TRI, 2002).

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: 200,000 mg PO of chondroitin sulphate.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: 50,000 mg PO of chondroitin sulphate.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for chondroitin sulphate preparations. A
INTERACTIONS potential interaction exists between the anticoagulant drug warfarin and glucosamine-
chondroitin that is associated with an increase in the international normal ratio [INR]
(Knudsen & Sokol, 2008).

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