Page 109 - product-manual

NON-MEDICINAL INGREDIENTS
TM/MC TM/MC
Stevia, Citric acid, Potassium sorbate, Purified water, Sodium benzoate.

Nephro-VM™ is manufactured under strict GMP standards and contains no dairy, yeast, wheat or gluten.
Does not contain animal by-products.

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Phyllanthus niruri (Chanca Piedra)

In traditional medicine Herba Phyllanthi is used in the treatment of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis,
hence the name ‘stone breaker’ (Williamson, 2002). Herba Phyllanthi has undergone mechanistic
in vitro, animal, and clinical trials that support its impact on calcium oxalate crystallization
(Kieley et al., 2008). In a randomized, prospective, long-term human study, regular administration
of Herba Phyllanthi after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones, resulted in an
increased stone-free rate in patients with renal stones (Micali et al., 2006). Herba Phyllanthi has
shown an inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation in human urine in
vitro suggesting that it may interfere with the early stages of stone formation and can be beneficial
in the treatment and/or prevention of urolithiasis (Barros et al., 2003).

Toxicity for Herba Phyllanthi has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in
TOXICOLOGY mice (Evi et al., 2008). 50
therapeutic doses. The extract of Herba Phyllanthi is non-toxic having oral LD > 5 g/kg of body weight in

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: >100 g PO of Herba Phyllanthi extract.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: >25 g PO of Herba Phyllanthi extract.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Herba Phyllanthi preparations. Clinical
INTERACTIONS interactions with other drugs have not been reported. However, Herba Phyllanthi preparations
may potentiate insulin and anti-diabetic drugs due to its hypoglycemic effect (Brinker, 1998).

Schisandra chinensis (Chinese Magnoliavine)

Fructus Schisandrae has been described in pharmacopoeias and well established studies as a
general tonic for treating fatigue associated with illness and in treating urinary tract disorders
(WHO, 2007). Schisandrol B, an active constituent of Fructus Schisandrae, enhances renal
mitochondrial antioxidant status and the level/activity of reduced glutathione, α-tocopherol and
Manganese superoxide dismutase (Chiu et al., 2008). Schisandrol B and Schisandrol C have
been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects in experimental studies (WHO, 2007).

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