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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

TOXICOLOGY Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Toxicity for Folium Uvae Ursi has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic
doses. No data on single or repeated dose toxicity has been reported for Folium Uvae Ursi extract (EMEA, 2011).

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Folium Uvae Ursi preparations. Clinical interactions
INTERACTIONS with other drugs have not been reported.

Tribulus terrestris (Puncture Vine)

In traditional medicine, Fructus Tribuli is used in the treatment of urolithiasis. It is also used
as a diuretic (WHO, 2009). Extract of Fructus Tribuli has exhibited a concentration dependent
inhibition of nucleation and the growth of calcium oxalate crystals (Aggarwal et al., 2010).
Ethanol extract of Fructus Tribuli showed significant dose dependent protection against uroliths
induced by glass bead implantation in albino rats. The extract provided significant protection
against deposition of calculogenic material around the glass bead. It also protected against
leukocytosis and elevation of serum urea levels (Anand et al., 1994). In a study, aqueous extract
of Fructus Tribuli elicited a positive diuresis, which was slightly more than that of furosemide.
The diuretic and contractile effects of Fructus Tribuli indicate that it has the potential of
propelling urinary stones (Al-Ali et al., 2003). A dried extract of Fructus Tribuli induced diuresis
and increased creatinine clearance in anaesthetized dogs (Van Valkenburg & Bunyapraphatsara,
2003). Oral administration of Fructus Tribuli extract provided protection against the mercuric
chloride induced toxicity in mice kidney tissue (Kavitha & Jagadeesan, 2006) and reduced
hyperoxaluria-caused oxidative stress, and restored antioxidant enzyme activity and their
expression profile in kidney tissue (Kamboj et al., 2011).

Toxicity for Fructus Tribuli has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic
TOXICOLOGY (Arcasoy et al., 1998). 50
doses. Intraperitoneal LD of lyophilized saponin mixture of Fructus Tribuli is 813 mg/kg of body weight in mice

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: 16,260 mg IP of lyophilized saponin mixture of Fructus Tribuli.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: 4,065 mg IP of lyophilized saponin mixture of Fructus Tribuli.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Fructus Tribuli preparations. Clinical interactions
INTERACTIONS with other drugs have not been reported.

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