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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Crataeva nurvala (Three-Leaved Caper)

In traditional medicine, Cortex Crataeva Nurvala is highly acclaimed for its use in the
management of urinary tract disorders, especially urolithiasis and in ethnoveterinary medicine
Cortex Crataeva Nurvala has been used in the treatment of renal lithiasis (Williamson, 2002).
Pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol and lupeol linoleate isolated from Cortex Crataeva Nurvala, have
been shown to minimize the deposition of stone-forming components in kidneys (Remya et
al., 2009) such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. Cortex Crataeva
Nurvala decoction reduces the urinary excretion of sodium and magnesium, shifting values
from the lithogenic to the nonlithogenic zone (Deshpande et al., 1982). In animal models
Cortex Crataeva Nurvala extracts have been shown to exert a regulatory action on endogenous
oxalate synthesis by reducing oxalate-synthesizing liver enzyme, glycolate oxidase (Varalakshmi
et al., 1990; Patankar et al., 2008).

Toxicity for Cortex Crataeva Nurvala has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in
TOXICOLOGY adult rats (Williamson, 2002). 50
therapeutic doses. Intraperitoneal LD of Cortex Crataeva Nurvala extract is >1,000 mg/kg of body weight in

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: >20,000 mg IP of Cortex Crataeva Nurvala extract.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: >5,000 mg IP of Cortex Crataeva Nurvala extract.

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for Cortex Crataeva Nurvala preparations. Clinical
INTERACTIONS interactions with other drugs have not been reported.

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry)

Folium Uvae Ursi is listed in The German Pharmacopoeia as a urinary disinfectant for
the treatment of bladder and kidney catarrh and inflammation. The European Scientific
Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) lists Folium Uvae Ursi as a treatment for
uncomplicated cystitis where antibiotics are not warranted. The German Commission E
Monographs recommends it for inflammatory conditions of the lower urinary tract. Folium
Uvae Ursi has been reported to be a diuretic, bacteriostatic, and astringent and has been
used in the treatment of urinary tract disorders (Martindale, 1996).

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