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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Manganese (Sulphate)

Manganese plays an important role in a number of physiologic processes as a constituent of
metalloenzymes and as an enzyme activator (Groff et al., 1995). The functions of manganese
include metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and cholesterol (FNB & IOB, 2001a), a
component of manganese superoxide dismutase which is the principal antioxidant enzyme in
the mitochondria (O’Dell & Sunde, 1997), formation of cartilage and bone (Ziegler & Filer,
1996; Ettinger & Feldman, 2000a), synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and production of collagen
required in wound healing (Klimis-Tavantzis, 1994; Muszyńska et al., 2000). Manganese
deficiency is very rare in dogs and cats. Experimental dietary deficiency leads to disproportionate,
shortened, and thickened long bones in different species; defective development of the skull;
and formation of otoliths in the inner ear during gestation (Ettinger & Feldman, 2000a).

TOXICOLOGY Toxicity for manganese sulphate has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in

therapeutic doses. However, in a study intravenous infusion of manganese chloride 16 mg/kg/day (3-5 times daily
dose of manganese) to beagle dogs caused severe hepatotoxicity (Khan et al., 1997). Oral LD for manganese
50
sulphate is 2,150 mg/kg of body weight in rats (MDL, 2002).

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for manganese preparations. However,
INTERACTIONS magnesium-containing antacids and laxatives and the antibiotic medication, tetracycline,
may decrease the absorption of manganese if taken together with manganese-containing
foods or supplements (Hendler & Rorvik, 2001).

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