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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree)

Moringa oleifera has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value.
Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good source
of protein, vitamins, beta-Carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. Folium et Semen
Moringae provides a unique combination of zeatin, quercetin, beta-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic
acid and kaempferol. The leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods of Moringa
oleifera act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic,
anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering,
antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities (Anwar et al.,
2007). In arthritic animal models, Semen Moringae has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties
by altering oxidative stress (Mahajan et al., 2007) and inhibiting production of inflammatory
mediators such as interleukine-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase,
and cyclooxygenease-2 (Muangnoi et al., 2011).

Note:
Moringa oleifera is also an ingredient in Articulare-VM™. Phenolic glucosides isolated from Semen et Radix Moringae have
demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity.

Toxicity for Semen Moringae has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic
doses. Acute toxicity studies in rats for Folium Moringae aqueous extract showed no toxicity or mortality at 2,000
TOXICOLOGY mice was calculated to be 1,800 mg/kg of body weight administered through gastric intubation (Paliwal et al., 2011).
mg/kg of body weight oral dose (Adedapo et al., 2009). The LD for Semen Moringae hydro-ethanol extract in
50

Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: 36,000 mg of Semen Moringae hydro-ethanol extract via gastric intubation.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat: 9,000 mg of Semen Moringae hydro-ethanol extract via gastric intubation.

DRUG In a pre-clinical study, isolated fractions of Semen Moringae inhibited cytochrome P-450 and
INTERACTIONS increased the bioavailability of rifampicin (Pal et al., 2011).

Gentiana macrophylla (Large-leaf Gentian)

Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae extract exhibits potent anti-inflammatory action. In rheumatic animal
models oral administration of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae extract reduced prostaglandin E
2
levels in inflammatory tissues and the anti-inflammatory activity observed was comparable to
that observed in prednisone (Yu et al., 2004). Other investigations have shown that gentianine,
a chemical constituent of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae has demonstrated anti-inflammatory
action by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis
factor-alpha and interleukine-6 (Kwak et al., 2005).

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