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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Protease

A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis. Symptoms of protein malassimilation
include edema, decreased muscle mass, recurrent or severe infections, growth retardation, mental
apathy and irritability, weakness, hair loss, deformed skeletal bones, anorexia, vomiting and
diarrhea. Dogs and cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can be successfully managed
by supplementing each meal with pancreatic enzymes (Ettinger & Feldman, 2000). Adequate
management of EPI depends on long term enzyme replacement and dietary manipulation (Rutgers
& Biourge, 2009). Pancreatic enzymes include protease, amylase, and lipase.

TOXICOLOGY Toxicity for protease has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic doses.

The LD value for protease has not been determined.
50

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for protease preparations. Clinical interactions with other
INTERACTIONS drugs have not been reported.

Amylase

Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler compounds. Dogs have a higher capacity
to digest and absorb carbohydrates than cats (Batchelor et al., 2011). Cats lack salivary amylase
and have only 5% of the pancreatic amylase activity and 10% of intestinal amylase activity of
dogs (Scherk, 2008). In cats high carbohydrate diets risk inducing diarrhoea due to the presence of
undigested carbohydrate in the lower small intestine and colon (Sturgess, 2008). Administration
of α-amylase may be useful for preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus and for its
management in dogs (Sako et al., 2010).

TOXICOLOGY Toxicity for amylase has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic doses.

The LD value for amylase has not been determined.
50

DRUG Validated interactions studies do not exist for amylase preparations. Clinical interactions with other
INTERACTIONS drugs have not been reported.

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