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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES - TOXICOLOGY - DRUG INTERACTIONS

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar Gum)

Guar bean or cluster bean is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. The Merck Index
(1996) lists Gummi Cyamopsis as an adjunct to diet, insulin or oral hypoglycemics in control
of diabetes. Gummi Cyamopsis exhibits prebiotic properties as it increases the colonic contents
of short chain fatty acids, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria (Giannini et al., 2006). Among the
different short chain fatty acids, butyrate is of particular importance, as it provides 50% of
the daily energy requirements of the gastrointestinal mucosa, playing an important role in the
proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial cells. Butyrate upregulates the expression
of tight junction proteins, thereby enhancing the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium
(Immerseel et al., 2007). Guar gum has been shown to reduce serum total cholesterol (by about
10 to 15%) and LDL-cholesterol (by about 15 to 25%) in hypercholesterolaemic animals (Todd
et al., 1990).

Toxicity for Gummi Cyamopsis has not been documented in dogs and cats when administered orally in therapeutic
TOXICOLOGY LD for Gummi Cyamopsis is 7 g/kg of body weight in rabbits (Lewis, 1996).
doses. Oral LD for Gummi Cyamopsis is >6 g/kg of body weight in mice and rats (Ramberg et al., 2010). Oral
50
50
Equivalent toxic dose in 20 kg dog: 140 g PO of Gummi Cyamopsis.
35 g PO of Gummi Cyamopsis.
Equivalent toxic dose in 5 kg cat:

DRUG The co-administration of Gummi Cyamopsis significantly enhances the insulinogenic and
INTERACTIONS blood glucose lowering effect of glyburide (Huupponen, 1986) and possibly other oral
hypoglycemic agents.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer’s Yeast)

Faex Medicinalis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) constitutes a natural source of B vitamins,
minerals, lipids, dietary fibre, proteins, and amino acids. Oral administration of Faex
Medicinalis to dogs has demonstrated beneficial effects on humoral immunity (Stuyven et al.,
2010). In oral clindamycin therapy in dogs and cats, bone marrow suppression can often be
corrected with the addition of Faex Medicinalis (100 mg/kg of body weight/day) to the animal’s
diet (Dubey, 2005). Faex Medicinalis can increase the activity of intestinal disaccharidases,
saccharidases, maltase, and lactase to alleviate diarrhoea symptoms. It can also increase insulin
(Jellin et al., 2002).

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